Non‐fragile H ∞ control for switched stochastic delay systems with application to water quality process

In this paper, the problem of non‐fragile observer‐based H _∞ control for discrete‐time switched delay systems is investigated. Both data missing and time delays are taken into account in the links from sensors to observers and from controllers to actuators. Because data missing satisfies the Bernoulli distribution, such problem is transformed into an H _∞ control problem for stochastic switched delay systems. Average dwell time approach is used to obtain sufficient conditions on the solvability of such problems. A numerical example and a real example for water quality control are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and potential applications of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis, isolation, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of some calcium-containing metallofullerenes

A few Ca-containing mono-metallofullerenes, i.e. Ca@C₇₆, Ca@C₈₈, Ca@C₉₀ (I, II), were synthesized by an improved DC arc discharge method and isolated by a multi-stage HPLC method for the first time. These isomer-separated metallofullerenes were characterized by LD-TOF MS and UV-vis-NIR spectrometry. Their HOMO-LUMO band gaps and possible molecular geometries are discussed according to the absorption spectra in this report. In addition, the cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry of Ca@C₇₆ was conducted in MeCN/C₆H₅CH₃ (1:4 v/v). The voltammograms of Ca@C₈₂ (II, III) and Ca@C₈₄ (II) were also recorded. Their electrochemical behaviors are discussed compared with those of corresponding ytterbium metallofullerenes. The features of the Ca metallofullerenes’ electronic structures are also discussed.     

采用两种中间介质的工业园区厂际余热集成

发挥园区集群效应，借助中间介质回路将工业园区中各单厂内的余热于厂际间进一步回收利用，能够显著提高园区整体能源效率。其中，中间介质回路的设置与介质的选择将关系到整个余热回收系统的最优设计与节能效果。因此，不同于目前研究仅采用一种中间介质的集成策略，同时选用热水和导热油为介质开展厂际余热集成研究。提出耦合介质与厂内流股换热及介质流股在厂际间分配的换热器网络超结构，以年度总费用最小为目标建立MINLP热集成数学模型，优化获得包含介质回路结构与厂内换热器网络结构等内容的园区余热集成结果。最后，在一个包含3个厂的厂际余热集成案例中，分别研究了单种介质单回路、单种介质双回路及双种介质双回路3种情况，通过对比验证了所提方法的有效性。     

常压辉光放电等离子体研究进展及聚合物表面改性

综述了常压辉光放电等离子体(APGDP)的产生机理及研究进展。介绍了难以产生稳定的APGDP 是由于辉光放电容易向细丝放电和弧光放电过渡,其解决措施是选择合适的介质板材料、电极间距、电源电压及频率、气体成分等。指出APGDP对化纤聚合物表面改性的效果与聚合物的分子结构、等离子体气体、介质板材料等因素有关,且改性效果具有时效性,要根据聚合物的分子结构选择合适的等离子体。     

Synthesis and swelling properties of poly[acrylamide-co-(crotonic acid)] superabsorbents

Superabsorbent polymers of acrylamide (AAm)/crotonic acid (CA) were synthesized by foamed polymerization in an aqueous solution of AAm with CA as a comonomer, initiated by an initiator couple of ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. A crosslinking agent N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, a foaming agent sodium bicarbonate, and a foam stabilizer, a triblock copolymer of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene, were used in the polymerization. The influences of the relative contents of CA, crosslinking agent, and initiator, on the swelling properties of the superabsorbent polymer systems were examined. The superabsorbent polymer synthesized with an AAm/CA ratio of 98:2 by mole, 0.5 wt.% of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and 1 wt.% of ammonium persulfate at 250 rpm and 50 °C for 30 min of polymerization time produced the highest water absorption of 211 ± 9 times its dried weight and could absorb water up to 162 ± 4 g g⁻¹ of the dry copolymer within 10 min. The electrochemical reaction for acrylamide–crotonic acid polymerization was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The anodic current indicated that acrylamide acting as an electron donor whereas crotonic acid performed as an electron receiver, then providing the cathodic current. The diffusion of water into the superabsorbent polymer was non-Fickian (case II and anomalous). Acrylamide–crotonic acid superabsorbents containing various crosslinker concentrations had a water swelling in the range of 79–289 g g⁻¹. The diffusion coefficients varied between 6.9 × 10⁻⁹ and 5.1 × 10⁻⁸ cm² s⁻¹. Adsorption of the basic dye by the superabsorbent was a monolayer evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm. The superabsorbents can thus be used to adsorb cationic dyes in textile industry.     

In situ generation of hydrogen peroxide from reaction of O2 with hydroxylamine from hydroxylammonium salt in neutral aqueous or non-aqueous medium using reusable Pd/Al2O3 catalyst

In situ generation of H₂O₂ with high yield can be accomplished by reacting O₂ with NH₂OH from hydroxylammonium salt [NH₂OH · HCl or (NH₂OH)₂ · H₂SO₄] in a neutral aqueous medium using a reusable heterogeneous Pd (1.0 wt%)/Al₂O₃ catalyst, even at low temperature (10 °C), with the formation of harmless by-products (viz. N₂ and water). The presence of KCl or KBr in the medium has beneficial effect. The H₂O₂ generation is strongly influenced by the pH of medium, reaction period and temperature; best results are obtained at the optimum pH and reaction medium.     

常规流场和交指型流场的质子交换膜燃料电池传热传质三维模拟

针对常规流场和交指型流场的质子交换膜燃料电池提出了三维非等温数学模型。模型详细考虑了电池内部的传热、传质和电化学反应，重点考察了多孔介质内的组分传递和膜内水的电渗和扩散作用，对氧气传递限制和膜内水迁移对电池性能的影响进行了分析和讨论。结果表明，流道的交指型设计加强了气体在多孔介质内的质量传递，提高了电池的输出性能，但相应地，阴极催化层界面水分的减少也使得膜的水合程度降低，这就需要更有效的水管理来防止膜脱水。     

基于流动平衡的塑料挤出模优化设计

在构建流道三维参数化模型的基础上,将有限元数值分析和优化技术相结合,以口模出口处型材截面上各子区域平均流速相等为优化目标,以压缩段入口壁厚和平直段长度为设计变量,对挤出模优化设计进行了研究。并以实例说明了优化设计的具体过程,验证了所用方法的正确性和有效性。     

混凝土内钢绞线的蚀坑形状及分布特征

为研究预应力钢筋的锈蚀特性,在自然气候条件下,采用内掺盐的方式,进行了混凝土内钢绞线的锈蚀实验．实验结果表明：钢绞线的蚀坑形状可抽象为2种典型形状,即椭球形和马鞍形;随着锈蚀率增大,蚀坑总个数增大,椭球形蚀坑出现的概率呈先增后减趋势;马鞍形蚀坑出现概率呈先减后增趋势,但变化幅度都不大;蚀坑的长度、宽度、深度都较好地呈对数正态分布．